Escaping Embarrassment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Escaping Embarrassment - Essay Example example of free style rappers who dread any instance of stopping abruptly in their rapping, and have devised techniques through which they can prevent â€Å"falling off,† mostly by sharing a platform and taking turns to rap, which helps in saving face, and brings out a stronger personality in street music. This implies fluent communication directly affects the image of an individual to the audience. Sawyer (1) noted that casual conversation portray creativity as it is directionless and is not scripted. With scripting, one has to remember each detail of the work to be communicated to ensure free flow of such information, however in causal communication the speaker is at liberty to include anything they feel comfortable and fluent in to ensure free flow of information to the audience. This contributes to creativity as individuals think out of the box to include materials that would keep the audience entertained, and portray eloquence in communicating. Moreover, such communication is naturally collaborative, meaning that it is uniquely creative as an individual discovers unexpected and valuable ideas from the audience, and from creative thinking, which make the audience entertained (Sawyer, 71). Eloquence and creativity in communication bring about an image of a strong communicator. Goffman (3) asserts that expressions involve two distinct sign activities. The most important expression involves a range of actions that are symbolic, and which define the actor. These symbolic actions are what define the eloquence of the communicator and include the body language, confidence, and public addressing skills. The nonverbal, unintentional type of communication whether deliberately engineered or unintentional defines the image of the individual as an eloquent and experienced communicator (Goffman, 4), which amounts to define the image of the individual. As Lee (307) asserts, people will derive numerous techniques to save face. However, if an individual is at risk of

The Euro Currency And European Union Economics Essay

The Euro Currency And European Union Economics Essay The Euro Currency has been a resounding success and is poised to replace the Dollar as the strongest currency in the world. The potential long-term advantages for business make it inevitable that the UK, Sweden Denmark will have to adopt the European Single Currency shortly or risk damaging their long-term prosperity by staying out Introduction European Union mission in the 21st century is to: Europes provide peace, prosperity and stability for its peoples; overcome the divisions on the continent; ensure that its people can live in safety; promote balanced economic and social development; meet the challenges of globalisation and preserve the diversity of the peoples of Europe; uphold the values that Europeans share, such as sustainable development and a sound environment, respect for human rights and the social market economy. PEST Chart Joining European Union Political Prevent war Government will lose its sovereignty and control over its monetary policies. Forming up as one big economy allows Europe to be competitive with other strong economies such as US, China Japan. Economical Bring down trade barriers Economy will be stable due to long term increase in trade Inflation and interest rates can be unified controlled. But inability to control any undesired inflation rate. Increase of employment and labor supply. Bring down Labor costs. Will be able to improve on employment issues, provide job trade opportunities Will increase Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Social Lost of national Sovereignty will cause unhappiness among the citizens affected. Majority of the people still do not agree on their country joining in the European Union (EU) EU stresses on the point of social responsibility towards Resource Conservation Technological Sharing of emerging technologies information. Combined effort/project of research and development activity for European economy Impact of technology transfer. If United Kingdom, Denmark and Sweden were to join the European Single Currencyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The Economic Political advantages for businesses based in these countries Advantages (http://www.economicshelp.org/europe/benefits-euro.html) 1. Transaction costs will be eliminated This will greatly benefit businesses who trade and tourists within the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) area, as there will be no charge for changing of currency, thus boosting the economy. It is estimated that this benefit will be equal to 1% of GDP so will be quite significant. 2. Price transparency European Union (EU) companies often find it difficult to accurately compare the prices of goods, services and resources across the EU because of the distorting effects of exchange rate differences. So when price is transparent, trading starts to take place. 3. No more exchange rate fluctuations. Uncertainty eliminated. Due to the fluctuating currencies in the EU, many firms become wary when investing in other countries because of the uncertainty. Investment would rise in the EMU area as the currency is universal within the area, therefore the anxiety that was previously apparent is there no more. 4. Single currency in single market. It brings the Europes economy forward after trading has taken place more effectively and efficiently 5. Be able to contend with the American Dollar and Japanese Yen. A new currency in Europe could be a rival to the two currencies, as it seems EMU seems to be in a good situation that it can survive on its own, with or without the help of Japan and U.S.A. 6. Prevent war. When countries unite trade effectively together, they dont wage war on each other and if EMU have more undisrupted trade, then there will be peace for Europe too. 7. Increased Trade and reduced costs for businesses Proponents of the move argue that it brings considerable economic trade through the wiping out of exchange rate fluctuations, but as well as this it helps to lower costs to industry because companies will not have to buy foreign exchange for use within the EU. For them, EU represents the completion of the Single European Market. It is vital if Europe is to compete with the other large trading blocs of the Far East and North America. 8. Inflation The European Central Bank (ECB) which sets interest rates for the whole EMU area will be committed to keeping inflation low; countries with traditionally high inflation will benefit from this. However, this point is debatable as countries outside the EMU have maintained low inflation. 9. The Political agenda. There is also a political agenda to European bank (the European System of Central Banks -ESCB), the removal national control over policy. Individual nation states will lose sovereignty (i.e. the ability to control their own affairs). It will pave the road to move towards ONE economical union. Disadvantages (http://www.economicshelp.org/europe/costs-euro.html) Cost of replacing currencys and adjusting machines. (This is however a one off cost) 2. Loss of autonomy over economic policy. Loss of Sovereignty. By adopting a common interest rate for the EMU area, countries will lose a crucial part of their Monetary policy. Politically, an independent central bank is often argued to be undemocratic in this setting (A Cukierman, 1994). Although countries are heading towards ONE economic union in Europe but they are definitely not, with regards to political terms. 3. Countries economy are at a different stage in the business cycle. This will be a huge problem, for instance in 2005, Ireland and Spain were growing quite fast and need higher interest rates to control inflation than other countries who need lower interest rates. Therefore with low interest rate Ireland might experience inflation. On the other hand, in 2009, Ireland and Spain were experiencing a deeper recession than the rest of the EMU area. They needed lower interest rates and depreciation, while other countries did not require to. 4. The instability of the system In 1992, UK benefited from leaving the ERM in order to have lower interest rates and come out of recession. This showed that countries economies may not have converged and a single policy could be harmful. As Greece is heavily in debt and had caused EU to be affected, so it seems wise for UK, Sweden Denmark not to join at the moment 5. Government could not devalue the Euro to overcome balance of payments problems. Countries will lose some independence over Fiscal Policy. This is because of the growth and stability pact.( e.g. no country is allowed to borrow more than 3% of its GDP. Which means that they will have to try and maintain the economy at a similar stage to other countries. E.G. Ireland had high growth and was criticised for increasing spending, (which increases AS), Asymmetric Shocks. If one country experienced an external shock it might need a different response. But this is not possible with a common currency. E.g. In order to reduce inflation, German reunification required higher interest rates, but this was not in favor for many other EU countries. 6. Monetary Policy will have different effects in different countries. For example the UK is sensitive to changes in the interest rate because many people have mortgages. And their terms conditions differ from other countries. 7. The EURO has been quite unstable against the dollar Whilst Sterling has been quite stable. Joining the EU could therefore increase instability against over currencies 8. The ECB is less transparent in their decision making For example they do not produce monthly minutes, this makes interest rate changes less predictable and so countries may not be able to do their economy forecast. FIVE ECONOMIC TESTS AS PRECONDITIONS Set out by Chancellor of Exchequer in Oct 1997 Used to decide for UK on the membership of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) To adopt Euro currency and interest rate set by European Central Bank (ECB) Build on 4 key areas Benefit: trade, transparency and stability Constitutional issues: in nation interest, popular consent, clear and unambiguous Clear and unambiguous: Treasurys comprehensive and rigorous assessment Referendum: agreed by British people Five Economic Tests Are business cycles and economic structures compatible so that we and others could live comfortably with euro interest rates on a permanent basis? If problems emerge is there sufficient flexibility to deal with them? Would joining EMU create better conditions for firms making long-term decisions to invest in Britain? What impact would entry into EMU have on the competitive position of the UKs financial services industry, particularly the Citys wholesale markets? In summary, will joining EMU promote higher growth, stability and a lasting increase in jobs? UK Responses in 2003 assessment Significant progress on convergence, but the convergence test not met as there are still structural differences with the euro area, such as in the housing market. Therefore, UK are not confident of its business cycles being sufficient compatible with those of the euro area to allow the UK to live comfortably with euro area interest rates on a permanent basis. Flexibility has shown improvement for UK, but is still not confident that it is sufficient. Greater measures are been set out to meet the EMU requirement. UK agrees that joining EMU could potentially lower the cost for their companies which boost cross-border investment flows and foreign direct investment (FDI). On the other hand, it is also mentioned that if sustainable and durable convergence is achieved, only then can UK be confident that the investment test is met. UK agreed that entry EMU can enhance on the competitiveness of the companies while offering some other benefit and the financial services test is met Increase in jobs and lower cost of living can be achieved through increases in cross-border trade, investment, competition and productivity that EMU could provide. But again, it only sustainable and durable convergence has been achieved then can UK be confident to say that growth, stability and employment test is met. Overall, UK mentioned that improvement has been seen but it is still not ready the membership of EMU despite the risks and costs in the delay. According to Stathis Gould (2003) article, The test seem like a deliberate fudge and political excuse for UK to delay joining the single currency Loss of control such as interest rate to ECB EU Membership impose constraint on fiscal policy Joining euro could post threat as UKs record of foreign capital recipient is among the best mainly due to relatively light regulation Problem with the volatility of euro-dollar which is not tackle by ECB Factor that might really affect the join will be to reform or better leadership in ECB which is criticized for lack of transparency Another factor will be the increase in competitiveness and opening of labor, product and capital market According to James Igoe Walsh (2007) study, Britains economic cycle not synchronized with euro-zone and bringing Adopting single currency will harm foreign trade and investment Close look into the five excuses for Britains reluctance Divergent business cycles Convergence concern of losing the ability they now have to tailor monetary policy Not really the case inflation rates have essentially disappeared, as the two economies adopted the same interest rates and monetary integration promote business cycle convergence through greater trade and investment International trade and investment British invested more with North America and former colonies in the past, but it is not true now as many firms are also heavily invested in European Union. Joining the union benefits the large and growing number of firms and investors that trade with and invest in the rest of the Union. Overall, UK does have the capability to be in the EMU and by being in the euro member, it can really boost the economy of both their nation and other members Has been seen as delaying the membership deliberately Pressure for corporate in UK might also be another factor that influences their decision Furthermore, with recent issue of Greece, Portugal, and Spain which expose the flaws in Euro Single Currency, it will be even harder to convince UK entry SUCCESSFULNESS OF EURO SINGLE CURRENCY Main Benefits Lower cost of managing cash and raising capital Eliminate cost on converting currency from one country to another Broader, deeper and more efficient financial market result in further reduction in cost and access to a bigger capital pool Less currency risk Currency risk and the need to protect own business transactions are eliminated or reduced Simplify investment planning Bigger market Companies will compete in a larger and more integrated market Population adds up from the member countries to form bigger market Consumers are more readily to buy across border in euro-zone with no worry of different currencies and exchange-rate Over the years of Single Currency With information from Wim F.V Vanthoor (2000) study, Has high potential in it growth Created a market population bigger than US when group together Generated high share of world GDP (Gross Domestic Product) Created even higher world trade than that of US Compatible monetary value comparing with US with the aim as to compete with US dollar Aim not only Economically, but aims at going towards a political union In Martin Feldstein (2010) article, Crisis in Greece and the debt problems in Spain and Portugal exposed more flaws Individual member countries lost control of monetary policy and interest rates in order to respond to national economic conditions Exchange rate could not respond to the cumulative effects of differences in productivity and global demand trends. Weakens the market signals of fiscal deficits Eg. Greece ECB set monetary policy to the euro-zone as a whole even when it is not relevant to some members Despite all the problem, euro will likely still survive but the fundamental root problem might still remains Introduction of euro imply low interest rate to Greece and some other countries which previously has high rate, resulting in temptation for government to borrow. This drives the ratio of government debt to GDP to more than 100% for Greece and Italy. Until recently, bond markets treated all euro sovereign debts as virtually equal, not raising interest rates on high-debt countries until possibility of default became clear. Euro comparing with other currency Against US Dollar Euro shows it weaken and flaw especially with recent crisis As compared with US dollar which also operate on single currency with its fifty states, its lacks in 3 economic condition Labor mobility Labor in US move on to another area easily when one industry weaken in a certain part of the country Wherelse unemployed workers of euro member such as Greece, Portugal, and Spain do not move to faster-growing regions of Europe because of differences in language, history, religion, union membership, etc. Wage flexibility Substantially slower wage growth in the states that lost industries helped to attract and retain other industries Central fiscal authority fiscal system collects roughly two-thirds of all taxes at the national level, which can be transfer to the different states if it is falling short in income Euro comparing with other currency Against UK Sterling Pound Pound Sterling has become vastly more stable in the past decade and grown in stature as a reserve currency around the world Ironically it has benefited from being outside the Euro By not joining EMU, UK have retain their level of sovereignty and has better control and decision on solution to tackle their own economy Conclusion It seems that UK, Sweden and Denmark is going to stay out of the Euro zone for a while as mentioned by Vinocur N. (March 2010) Removing currency risk and driving integration with the European single market have been the main arguments that have put forward for the three nations to join the euro. But with Greece financial issues, with Ireland, Spain Portugal following suit, it made Euro Investec UK economist David Page mentioned that there is no chance that UK is joining the EU in the next 10 years. Conservative opposition front-runner David Cameron has declared that if he wins a general election expected in May, Britain will not join the euro as long as he is prime minister. Even though In year 2008, Sweden released a poll. It showed support for joining the euro had increased rapidly, with 44% of Swedes now in favour of joining the currency, up from 34.6% in May, while opposition dropped from 51.7% to 48% during the same period. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/nov/27/euro-currencies-sweden-denmark) in March 2010 as reported by Nicholas Vinocur on Reuters: Swedens finance minister Anders Borg mentioned that. How well it is going in one country decides how well run the whole is, whether or not one has adopted the euro. Denmark is skeptical on joining the Euro. Danske Bank chief economist Steen Bocian, remains cautious for the next two years, due to Greece incident.

Pushing Products through Advertising: Camera Advertising Essay

There are many ads for different products these days on market. A product needs a good ad to attract many people and make good competition. Advertising has become part of producers’ life to win consumers hearts. All cameras serve the same purpose â€Å"to make memories memorable† or it is dead. There are different types of approaches camera advertisers use to attract the buyer to the product. Companies like Canon and Nikon use techniques such as glittering generalities, testimonial, need for affiliation and aesthetic sensation as propaganda methods to attract their buyers. Maria Sharapova ranked number one player in the women professional tennis in the world, is used in a Canon commercial. This propaganda approach known as testimonial, Maria hits several tennis balls with her power shot which stick in the net to form â€Å"Maria was here†. In this commercial consumers are told that if they use a Canon power shot digital camera, they make powerful statements. Therefore, most buyers are attracted to this product because of they want to be more like her, a talented, beautiful, sports celebrity. ...

The Red Badge of Courage

Growing up during the naturalism and realism literary movements, and experiencing combat in Cuba and Greece first hand influenced Stephen Crane's outlook in his novel The Red Badge of Courage that no matter what it takes, all living things will do whatever they can to save themselves, and that the world continues to spin regardless of human existence. The literary movements that influenced his writing the most were naturalism and realism. Naturalism uses detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment have an inescapable force in shaping human nature. Crane uses this several times in The Red Badge of Courage. After Henry runs away from battle and is in the midst of rationalizing his behavior, he comes across a particularly tranquil spot in the woods: â€Å"At length he reached a place where the high, arching boughs made a chapel. He softly pushed the green doors aside and entered. Pine needles were a gentle brown carpet. There was a religious half-light† (7. 18). He notices â€Å"A dead man [with] eyes [†¦] changed to the dull hue to be seen on the side of a dead fish† (7. 20). This is where Henry comes to realize that nature and the universe have no interest in this dead man, nor do they have an interest in whether Henry himself lives or dies. There is simply nothing out there to help or save him or anyone else. This is a shocking lesson for him, and one that shatters his notions of the way things work. This is also Crane’s way of introducing the philosophy of â€Å"Naturalism† into the novel. Naturalists were influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution, which places a strong emphasis on evolution. Literary Naturalists reject the notion of free will and see humans as controlled primarily by instinct, emotion, and culture. This idea makes Henry’s behavior more random and explainable, rather than a growth toward maturity, or a rise toward heroism, through his exertion of free choice and decision. As he is faced with even more death, he finds that the termination of life is an inevitable part of life: â€Å"He had been to touch the great death, and found that, after all, it was but the great death† (24. 1). Henry realizes that no matter the amount of bravery or courage, the world has created the same fate for all those who live, they all must die. Crane implies this through images of nature’s beauty contrasted with man’s bloody brutality, and he exploits this paradox many times throughout the novel. Since Crane was a big believer in Naturalism, he wanted to show that death should not be romanticized, but should be looked at straight on in as dispassionate and scientific a way as possible. The vulnerabilities of dead men make death seem like a very real physical phenomenon, rather than the journey of one’s spirit to either heaven or hell. Henry, too, is affected by viewing the dead. He sees that the dead do not know more than he does, and that they do not experience anything paranormal. He also realizes that he could just as easily be among them — that dying is as random and meaningless as war, or anything else. The second literary movement that influenced Crane’s writing is realism. Realism is a term that can refer to any work that aims at honest portrayal over sensationalism, exaggeration, or melodrama. The Red Badge of Courage displays characteristics of Realism writing. Henry is a regular guy put into an extraordinary situation. Crane uses figurative language in the forms of imagery and dialect. Another realism trait in The Red Badge of Courage is that nature is viewed as protection and a hindrance for Henry in several different cases throughout the story. For example, Crane writes, â€Å"†¦ Another important event in Crane's lifetime that influenced him in writing The Red Badge of Courage is his firsthand experience when he entered combat in Cuba and Greece. Though he didn't actually enter combat until after his novel was written, his thirst to not just see a battle, but die in one, influenced his writing greatly. After finishing the novel, his hunger for the experience of war grew due to the fact that he wanted to see if his account of the Civil War was correct. Also, Crane's father was a minister, though they did not share the same beliefs, which is probably the reason Crane used so many Biblical references in his writing. For example, Crane wrote, â€Å"The red sun was pasted in the sky like a wafer†(9. 4). The wafer Crane is referring to is the wafer of communion. In the Christian sacrament of communion, believers eat the â€Å"body of Christ† through communion wafers and red wine. He does this to comment on the concept of men having to die in order to save other men, similar to Jesus dying on the cross to save humans from their sins. The chapter that deals with the death of Jim Conklin-his initials are J. C. , similar to Jesus Christ- promotes Jim as a sort of Christ-figure who through his painful death helps â€Å"redeem† Henry. Critical Analysis Critics such as Maxwell Geismer and Bernard Weismer point out how Crane uses themes of courage, nature’s disregard of human life, and manhood to show the development of a young man from youth to maturity. Although the novel spans no more than a few weeks, a profound change in the characters of both Henry and Wilson occurs. Though these men do not technically age during the course of the book, the psychological development that they experience can be described as the development from youth into maturity. Innocence gives way to experience, and the speculative beliefs of adolescents make way for the guaranteed, solid beliefs of men. In addition, James Trammell Cox shows how Crane uses symbols such as the dead soldier and the characters of Jim Conklin and Wilson to show the transitions man must experience both mentally and physically to complete the journey from adolescence to manhood. Because of the novel’s title, it becomes evident that courage,—defining it, desiring it, and, ultimately, achieving it—is the most significant part of the book. As the novel opens, Henry’s view of courage is traditional and romantic. He assumes that he will return from battle either with his shield or on it. This understanding of courage is based on the praise of peers more than the internal measure of his bravery. In the first chapter, Henry recollects his mother’s advice, which opposes his own philosophies. She doesn’t care about the praiseworthiness of Henry’s name, but instructs him to do what he thinks is honest and right, even if he has to die doing it. The gap between Henry’s definition of courage and his mother’s suggestion fluctuates throughout The Red Badge of Courage, sometimes dwindling, and sometimes flourishing. At the end of the novel, as the mature Henry trudges triumphantly from battle, a more refined and multifaceted understanding of courage arises. It is not purely based on other people’s perceptions, but it does integrate a soldier’s regard for his reputation. Another theme express throughout the novel is the universe’s disregard for human nature. Henry’s newly found awareness that the natural world spins on irrespective of the routine in which men live and die is the toughest lesson that Henry learns. It deprives him of his naive, innocent beliefs concerning courage and manhood. Not long after his encounter with the squirrel in the woods, Henry stumbles upon a dead soldier whose decaying body works as a reminder of the universe’s disregard of human life. As the drama of the war continues on around him, Henry occupies his mind with questions regarding the nature of courage and honor and the likelihoods of gaining glory. Death, he assumes, would stop the war cold. Yet, when he encounters the corpse, he finds that death is nothing more than a vital and ordinary part of life. Henry’s happenstances with the squirrel and the corpse become the most important parts of the book, because in this place, Crane creates the formidable opposing forces in Henry’s mind: the belief that human’s deserves courage and honor, and the realization that all human life faces the same inevitable doom. Throughout the novel, Henry struggles to save his manhood. At first, he relies on very passe ideas. He is saddened that education and religion have repressed men of their natural viciousness and made them so domestic that there are very few ways for a man to tell himself apart from others, other than on the battlefield. Having this chance makes Henry feel indebted to be taking part in the war. As he makes his way from one battle to the next, he becomes more and more persuaded that his experiences will gain him women’s praise and men’s envy, and he will become a real man in their eyes. These early ideas of manhood are crude, idealistic, youthful illusions. The dead soldier represents the unimportance of human trepidations. Henry stumbles over the corpse, decaying and covered by ants, right after convincing himself that he was right to flee battle and that the welfare of the army depends upon soldiers being wise enough to save themselves. Then the dead soldier, whose facelessness strips him of any public acknowledgement of courage and forces Henry to begin to question the standards by which he measures his actions. Similarly, characters such as Jim Conklin and Wilson undergo a change in which, they two realize that the completion of this transition lies within oneself. Jim Conklin and Wilson stand as symbols of a more human kind of manhood. They are confident without being show-offs and are eventually able to take responsibility for their shortcomings. Wilson, who begins the novel as an obnoxious and loud soldier, later reveals his vulnerability when he requests that Henry deliver a yellow envelope to his family if he dies in battle. In realizing the unimportance of his life, Wilson is able to free himself from the chains that bind Henry. By the end of the book, Henry takes a confident step in the same direction, learning that his manhood lies within the way he owns up to his mistakes and responsibilities rather than in his actions on the battlefield. Modern day Connection On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. delivered the â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech† at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D. C. His speech was a demonstration for freedom, in which he was fighting for the equality of colored people all around the world. This speech made history, but his story wasn’t over. At 6:01 p. m. on April 4, 1968, a shot rang out. Martin Luther King, a man of great courage, was assassinated for standing up for what he believed in. King hasn’t been the only demonstration of courage in history. Libyans are making history as we speak. Similar to Crane's using the Civil War to show how a young soldier struggles to define and achieve courage, recently, the Libyans rebelled against their government to get rid of the corruption that is taking over their country, and, hopefully, develop some sort of democracy and gain human rights. Libya has been ruled for 42 years by a shrewd, unconventional dictator who has often called his own people â€Å"backwards. † Fifty percent of his 6. 5 million subjects are minors. Although Libya contains many plentiful oil revenues, which provide most of the national budget, most children are starving and weak. Corruption is rampant, protestors are brutally suppressed, and many citizens are afraid that even speaking Quaddafi’s name in public will attract suspicion. Instead, they call him â€Å"the leader† and his son, Seif, â€Å"the principal. † Punishments are so extreme that even discussing national policy with a foreigner results in three years in prison. Reporters have commonly described press freedom in Libya as â€Å"virtually non-existent. † Unemployment rates are just about 30 percent, and those that do have jobs only work part-time. Basic foods—including rice, sugar, flour, gasoline—are heavily subsidized by the government and sold for a fraction of their true cost. A 2006 New Yorker article claimed that Libya had†prosperity without employment and large populations of young people without a sense of purpose. † Encouraged by pro-democracy rebellions across the Arab world, Libyan protestors had planned a â€Å"day of rage† for Thursday, February 17. Two days before their plan was able to be put into action, security forces arrested a prominent lawyer named Fathi Terbil, who had represented families of some of the prisoners slaughtered by Libyan security forces at Abu Slim prison in 1996. Once released from prison later that day, he set up a webcam overlooking Benghazi’s main square, where some of the families had been remonstrating. With help from exiled Libyans in Canada and around the world, the video spread rapidly on the Internet. Courage played a huge role in the development of this rebellion, and the fight for Libyans to build a democracy and gain human rights. It is reported that the Libyan ambassador in London resigned simply so he could join protests outside of the embassy and fight for the well-being of the Libyan people. Also, Egypt and Libya have both set up field hospitals on their borders and are trying to send help. A group of Libyan military officers have allowed the revealing of a statement calling on all members of the Libyan army to join the protesters. Advertisements in Guinea and Nigeria are offering up to $2,000 per day to fight as soldiers for the Libyan army. People across the world are teaming up and courageously taking a stand in order to achieve the freedom they are so desperately searching for.

The Business Of Water

Question1: The main stakeholders for Coca-Cola and Nestle would be the parties that would be mostly affected and at stake if the plant was to close down in the case of the passing of the law of closure due to negative effects on the environment. Firstly, the employees of the company and their families would be the most at stake, as they would lose their source of income. And in the case of Coca-Cola it might be that most of the village of Palchimada is working at that plant, hence this would affect the whole social environment in the village.On the other hand the villagers are also affected negatively as they are losing their water resources if Coca-Cola keeps operating. The second party at stake would be the suppliers of the company from boxes to ingredients and branding materials. Moreover, The shareholders of the company are affected as they would lose money, market share and return on investment, that would also give way for another stakeholder, which is the competition.Lastly, t he customers and clients of such companies are also affected, however, companies as such are very big and are able to supply almost anyone around the world, therefore clients are not primarily at stake. Question2: Carroll’s four-part model of corporate social responsibility suggests that CSR includes the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic expectations placed on organizations by society at a given point of time. Under CSR pyramid, Nestle comes in the Ethical responsibility that is the third part of the pyramid.These responsibilities oblige the corporation to do what is right, just, and fair which Nestle perfectly abides with as the company never seemed to break any laws and was never involved in any unjust action. Regarding Nestle water plants, the company claims to be economically responsible by operating its plants in rural or remote areas, in the immediate vicinity of the water sources and in many cases, the company is an important economic base within the local co mmunity.i Generally, Nestle claims ethical responsibility. However, in this case it would prove the ethical responsibility if the company gave back to the community it operates in just like Coca-Cola did to prove that is an ethical company. On the top of the pyramid is Philanthropic responsibility, which Nestle seems to be executing very well. Nestle has created many programs to improve peoples lives. Such as, helping to address micronutrient deficiencies through a process called â€Å"nutritional landscaping†.In addition to many more, Nestle also offers a Plan that provides expert training so that farmers can grow coffee more sustainably, as well as practical assistance, including high-quality disease-resistant plantlets. ii Question 3: Citizenship is defined as a set of individual rights that are governed by the government. In some cases the failure of governments to fulfill their functions along with the rise in corporate power has led corporations to have a bigger role in society similar to the one of political actors. This is the case, which led to the privatization of water where municipal water companies have been inefficient.One of the governmental roles was by the US multinational company Bechtel in Bolivia, Which found it challenging to make the company operate efficiently. Hence, a law was passed giving the company monopoly rights over in the ridings they operated in, leading to no free water what so ever. This is a very weak performance on the side of the government and the corporation. Water is a human right, necessary for the survival of human kind and forbidding people to use the water from their wells and even the rain is a foolish and senseless act. The Business of Water Question1:The main stakeholders for Coca-Cola and Nestle would be the parties that would be mostly affected and at stake if the plant was to close down in the case of the passing of the law of closure due to negative effects on the environment. Firstly, the employees of the company and their families would be the most at stake, as they would lose their source of income. And in the case of Coca-Cola it might be that most of the village of Palchimada is working at that plant, hence this would affect the whole social environment in the village.On the other hand the villagers are also affected negatively as they are losing their water resources if Coca-Cola keeps operating. The second party at stake would be the suppliers of the company from boxes to ingredients and branding materials. Moreover, The shareholders of the company are affected as they would lose money, market share and return on investment, that would also give way for another stakeholder, which is the competition. Lastly, t he customers and clients of such companies are also affected, however, companies as such are very big and are able to supply almost anyone around the world, therefore clients are not primarily at stake.Question2:Carroll’s four-part model of corporate social responsibility suggests that CSR includes the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic expectations placed on organizations by society at a given point of time. Under CSR pyramid, Nestle comes in the Ethical responsibility that is the third part of the pyramid. These responsibilities oblige the corporation to do what is right, just, and fair which Nestle perfectly abides with as the company never seemed to break any laws and was never involved in any unjust action.Regarding Nestle water plants, the company claims to be economically responsible by operating its plants in rural or remote areas, in the immediate vicinity of the water sources and in many cases, the company is an important economic base within the local comm unity.i Generally, Nestle claims ethical responsibility. However, in this case it would prove the ethical responsibility if the company gave back to the community it operates in just like Coca-Cola did to prove that is an ethical company. On the top  of the pyramid is Philanthropic responsibility, which Nestle seems to be executing very well.Nestle has created many programs to improve peoples lives. Such as, helping to address micronutrient deficiencies through a process called â€Å"nutritional landscaping†. In addition to many more, Nestle also offers a Plan that provides expert training so that farmers can grow coffee more sustainably, as well as practical assistance, including high-quality disease-resistant plantlets.iiQuestion 3:Citizenship is defined as a set of individual rights that are governed by the government. In some cases the failure of governments to fulfill their functions along with the rise in corporate power has led corporations to have a bigger role in s ociety similar to the one of political actors. This is the case, which led to the privatization of water where municipal water companies have been inefficient.One of the governmental roles was by the US multinational company Bechtel in Bolivia, Which found it challenging to make the company operate efficiently. Hence, a law was passed giving the company monopoly rights over in the ridings they operated in, leading to no free water what so ever. This is a very weak performance on the side of the government and the corporation. Water is a human right, necessary for the survival of human kind and forbidding people to use the water from their wells and even the rain is a foolish and senseless act.

How to Keep Your Business From Being Robbed

How to Keep Your Business From Being Robbed If you own a business, particularly one that deals in cash, there is a good chance that one day it may be robbed.  If you are lucky, the robbery will occur after the business is closed and all of your employees have gone home. If not, you, your employees and possibly your customers could be faced with a very dangerous situation. Safe Steps to Protect Your Business There are effective measures that business owners, managers, and employees can take that will protect the assets of the business and make it safer for employees.   Always have two or more employees open and close the business.Install an effective alarm system that is monitored.Use surveillance cameras behind the cash register and facing out to the front of the counter.Also, install surveillance cameras in areas where a person could hide.Keep the outside doors in backrooms locked when not in use.Have lockers or locked desks so employees can lock up any personal valuables, purses, or medications.Do not release personal information  about employees to strangers and shred all past employee records when trashing it.Keep a low cash balance in the cash registers.Make regular bank deposits of excess money or lock it in a safe.Vary the times and the routes used to go to the bank to make deposits.Avoid sending one person to the bank with a deposit.Avoid making deposits late at night.Do not carry the deposit openly in a deposit bag.Avoid hanging signs or putting displays on windows or around the sales counter that will obstruct the view of the register. In areas that are blocked by shelving, walls or other obstructions, hang concave mirrors. Do careful reference checks on employees that are hired.Have policies in place concerning employees friends or relatives hanging around the business.Customers should be greeted when they enter the business and train employees to make eye contact and engage with the customers. An alert staff can quickly deter a would-be robber.Train employees not to take risks, but to call the police if they see suspicious people inside or lurking outside of the business.If employees really suspect that they are about to be robbed, tell them to lock the doors of the business until police arrive.Keep your business well lit both inside and out and focus on areas where someone could hide.Trim trees and bushes so that they do not become hiding places for robbers by blocking light.Become friends with local police officers. Encourage them to stop by your business.If possible, use only one cash register at night. Leave the drawers on the other cash registers opened and tilt the money tray so that it will sho w that it is empty. Do not tempt robbers by balancing the cash register by the cash desk. Take it to a back office to count it.Train employees to be alert when handling money. It is easy to make a one dollar bill look like a twenty dollar bill to an employee that is not paying attention.Do not completely cover the windows of the business by closing blinds are pulling curtains at closing time. Always leave them only partially closed. What to Do If Your Business Is Robbed Always make personal safety the number one priority. Money and merchandise can be replaced. Train employees to comply with the robbers demands and to try to remain calm, move slowly, and communicate only when necessary. If employees are in other areas of the building, let the robber know so that they are not surprised by an employee who may come out of a backroom. When the robber leaves, employees should never follow after them, but instead lock the doors of the business, move to the back of the building and wait for the police to arrive. While they wait they can document what occurred, including the time the robbery took place, what was stolen and a description of the robber. It could be helpful that within a few days of the robbery, the employees who were present come for a meeting so that what happened can be discussed, emotions shared, and suggestions on what can be improved be accessed to help deter being robbed again.

Dhl Logistics Essay Example

Dhl Logistics Essay Example Dhl Logistics Essay Dhl Logistics Essay DHL Logbook in cooperation with Technical University Darmstadt Historical development of logistics The great logistics success story Logistics has been playing a fundamental role in global development for almost 5,000 years now. Since the construction of the pyramids in ancient Egypt, logistics has made remarkable strides. Time and again, brilliant logistics solutions have formed the basis for the transition to a new historical and economic era. Examples of this fundamental progress include the invention of the sea-cargo container and the creation of novel service systems during the 20th century. Both are integral parts of globalization today. Around 2700 B. C. : Material handling technology in pyramid construction. Blocks of stone weighing several tons were transported and assembled at the construction site. To build the Great Pyramid of Giza, which is 146 meters high and weighs 6 million tons, the Egyptians needed sophisticated material transport equipment capable of moving the massive building blocks and putting them into place. Even today, we still cannot fully explain how this level of precision was achieved using the hoisting equipment and means of transport available around 2700 B. C [1]. 1/7 DHL Logbook in cooperation with Technical University Darmstadt Around 300 B. C. : Revolutionary Greek rowing vessels – the new foundation of intercontinental trade. The revolutionary invention of rowing vessels created the basis for rapid travel across the high seas. This invention formed the foundation for the creation of enormous logistics supply systems required by mobile army camps. Using these logistics capacities, Alexander the Great undertook campaigns with his troops, their families and their weapons of war that extended all the way to India [1]. Around A. D. 700: Procurement logistics in the construction of the Mezquita Mosque – pillars came to Spain from all parts of the Islamic empire. Construction of the famous Mezquita Mosque in Cordoba, Spain, began in 756 under the Caliph of Cordoba in the Umayyad dynasty. It is considered to be the largest mosque in Europe. Extraordinary procurement logistics was required to transport the pillars of the mosque from all parts of the Islamic empire [1]. 2/7 DHL Logbook in cooperation with Technical University Darmstadt Around 1200: The international network known as the Hanseatic League – cooperation for transport bundling and international sea transport. In 1188, the city of Hamburg, Germany, was founded as a base on the North Sea for the Hanseatic League to make travel on the sea more secure and to represent business interests abroad. Up to 200,000 fur pelts were transported by a single Hanseatic cog ship. Hanseatic trade extended from the Black Sea to Reval. From a modern-day vantage point, the league’s cross-border trade bears strong similarities to the European Union [1]. Around 1500: Progressive postal service in Europe – the first time-definite mail shipping service. Under an agreement with Philipp of Burgundy, Franz von Taxis organized the first postal service with strictly defined transit times. Letters were delivered to places such as Paris, Ghent, Spain and the imperial court of Vienna. In view of the infrastructure of the times and the political fragmentation created by the array of small principalities, the mail reached its destination with very little delay [1]. 3/7 DHL Logbook in cooperation with Technical University Darmstadt Around 1800: Discovery of new road conveyances and the railroad – expansion of logistics tasks through new technologies and means of transport. The practical use of the steam engine, the invention of vehicles, railroads and ships as well as the discovery of crude oil ushered in a new economic era that generated new missions, tools and opportunities for logistics [1]. Around 1940: Military logistics during the world wars – transfer of military logistics concepts to the business world. During World War I, military logistics was the vital link in the network that supplied troops with rations, weapons and equipment. With the onset of World War II, logistics was further refined. As a result, logistics gained an important place in the business world as well. 4/7 DHL Logbook in cooperation with Technical University Darmstadt 1956: Invention of the sea container – structural evolution of world trade and the boom of international flows of goods. The invention of the sea container by the American Malcom P. McLean changed production conditions for nearly all industries around the world and, as a result, altered people’s consumption habits. Even today, the sea container continues to ensure that harbors gain major contracts, new countries and regions experience commercial booms, markets arise and products from all parts of the world can be bought and sold at reasonable prices. In this way, the container has significantly contributed to globalization. Around 1970 – 1980: Kanban and just-in-time – logistics concepts with a special emphasis on procurement. The Kanban and just-in-time (JIT) concepts were developed and introduced at Japan’s Toyota Motor Co. by Taiichi Ohno – with the objective of effectively linking logistics to other operational functions. Special emphasis was placed on procurement. 5/7 DHL Logbook in cooperation with Technical University Darmstadt Around 1990: QR and ECR technologies – logistics concepts with a special emphasis on distribution. The quick response and efficient consumer response (ECR) technologies were developed during the 1990s and applied by many retail and wholesale companies. These technologies had a major impact on logistics. As a result of this technology, distribution centers are tasked with moving goods instead of storing them. This allows companies to accelerate reaction times to market developments and to set up efficient goods-supply systems. Today: Supply chain management – a look at the entire logistics chain from the vendor’s supplier to the end customer. Supply chain management is a term that has grown enormously in use and significance since the late 1980s. Today, supply chain management is viewed as a holistic consideration of key business processes that extend from the vendor’s supplier to the end user. Accordingly, supply chain management is an extremely interactive, complex system requiring simultaneous monitoring of many conflicting objectives. 6/7 DHL Logbook in cooperation with Technical University Darmstadt Today: Advancing globalization – efficient logistics as a competitive edge in the era of globalization. Global competition began to arise and spread in the 1970s and accelerated in the 1990s. Globalization is still moving forward today. Efficient logistics creates a crucial competitive edge for companies that are expanding in global markets. Successful logistics efforts in international supply chains can fuel the development of global markets. From pyramid construction to the supply chain Recommended reading Logistik Stories | Gopfert / Froschmayer 2005 Strategic Logistics Management | Stock / Lambert 2001 References [1] Episoden des Logistik-Managements in Antike und Mittelalter | Dulfer 2005. In: Logistik Stories | Gopfert / Froschmayer (Hrsg. ) Related articles Trends in the economy as drivers of logistics development URL dhldiscoverlogistics. com/cms/en/course/origin/historical_development. jsp 7/7

150 Million Years of Marsupial Evolution

150 Million Years of Marsupial Evolution You wouldnt know it from their relatively paltry numbers today, but marsupials (the kangaroos, koalas, wombats, etc. of Australia, as well as the opossums of the western hemisphere) have a rich evolutionary history. As far as paleontologists can tell, the distant ancestors of modern opossums diverged from the distant ancestors of modern placental mammals about 160 million years ago, during the late Jurassic period (when pretty much all mammals were the size of mice), and the first true marsupial appeared during the early Cretaceous, about 35 million years later. (See a gallery of prehistoric marsupial pictures and profiles and a list of recently extinct marsupials.) Before we go any further, its worthwhile to review what sets marsupials apart from the mainstream of mammalian evolution. The vast majority of mammals on earth today are placental: fetuses are nurtured in their mothers wombs, by means of a placenta, and theyre born in a relatively advanced state of development. Marsupials, by contrast, give birth to undeveloped, fetus-like young, which then must spend helpless months suckling milk in their mothers pouches. (Theres also a third, much smaller group of mammals, the egg-laying monotremes, typified by platypuses and echidnas.) The First Marsupials Because the mammals of the Mesozoic Era were so smalland because soft tissues dont preserve well in the fossil recordscientists cant directly examine the reproductive systems of animals from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. What they can do, though, is examine and compare these mammals teeth, and by that criterion, the earliest identified marsupial was Sinodelphys, from early Cretaceous Asia. The giveaway is that prehistoric marsupials possessed four pairs of molars in each of their upper and lower jaws, while placental mammals had no more than three. For tens of millions of years after Sinodelphys, the marsupial fossil record is frustratingly scattered and incomplete. We do know that early marsupials (or metatherians, as theyre sometimes called by paleontologists) spread from Asia to North and South America, and then from South America to Australia, by way of Antarctica (which was much more temperate at the end of the Mesozoic Era). By the time the evolutionary dust had cleared, by the end of the Eocene epoch, marsupials had disappeared from North America and Eurasia  but prospered in South America and Australia. The Marsupials of South America For most of the Cenozoic Era, South America was a gigantic island continent, completely separated from North America until the emergence of the Central American isthmus about three million years ago. During these eons, South Americas marsupialstechnically known as sparassodonts, and technically classified as a sister group to the true marsupialsevolved to fill every available mammalian ecological niche, in ways that uncannily mimicked the lifestyles of their placental cousins elsewhere in the world. Examples? Consider Borhyaena, a slouching, 200-pound predatory marsupial that looked and acted like an African hyena; Cladosictis, a small, sleek metatherian that resembled a slippery otter; Necrolestes, the grave robber, which behaved a bit like an anteater; and, last but not least, Thylacosmilus, the marsupial equivalent of the Saber-Tooth Tiger (and equipped with even bigger canines). Unfortunately, the opening of the Central American isthmus during the Pliocene epoch spelled the doom of these marsupials, as they were completely displaced by better-adapted placental mammals from up north. The Giant Marsupials of Australia In one respect, the marsupials of South America have long since disappearedbut in another, they continue to live on in Australia. Its likely that all of the kangaroos, wombats, and wallabies Down Under are descendants of a single marsupial species that inadvertently rafted over from Antarctica about 55 million years ago, during the early Eocene epoch. (One candidate is a distant ancestor of the Monito del Monte, or little bush monkey, a tiny, nocturnal, tree-dwelling marsupial that today lives in the bamboo forests of the southern Andes mountains.) From such unprepossessing origins, a mighty race grew. A few million years ago, Australia was home to such monstrous marsupials as Diprotodon, aka the Giant Wombat, which weighed upwards of two tons; Procoptodon, the Giant Short-Faced Kangaroo, which stood 10 feet tall and weighed twice as much as an NFL linebacker; Thylacoleo, the 200-pound marsupial lion; and the Tasmanian Tiger (genus Thylacinus), a fierce, wolf-like predator that only went extinct in the 20th century. Sadly, like most megafauna mammals worldwide, the giant marsupials of Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand went extinct after the last Ice Age, survived by their much more petite descendants.

Technology and crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Technology and crimes - Essay Example This leads to more effective credit card and identity theft scams (Criminal Intelligence Service Canada [CISC], 2010). - Credit card skimmer devices can be placed within a point-of-sale credit card machine, and collect names and credit card numbers. These devices operate on battery power and do not require the criminal to be nearby for them to do their work; they can be picked up surreptitiously later (CISC, 2010). - GPS tracking on cell phones and other web-enabled devices, as well as cell phone call tracking, means that the police can find out where criminals are making calls from and where they are traveling (Howell, 2010). - Database analysis turns information into a map that tells cops where a specific criminal is likely to live and where they are likely to strike next; this map also shows where crime hotspots are (Logan, 2004). - Wireless networking of different departments helps with arson tracking (Logan, 2004). Arson is often not well-reported, since it is the domain of the fire department and not the police department. Networking their databases together means that if the fire department suggests a fire is suspicious, the police immediately know about it. - Dashboard cameras on police cars record how a police officer behaves during a criminal arrest or investigation of a crime scene. This way, the actions of the police officer are no longer hearsay, but instead are a matter of record. (Howell, 2010) - The installation of the Automated Fingerprint Identification System has meant that criminals picked up for minor crimes dont get away with bigger ones. It is a national database of wanted criminals that tells officers almost immediately if the person they picked up for one crime is wanted for something more serious in another jurisdiction (Howell, 2010). Criminal Intelligence Service Canada [CISC]. (2010, May 13). Technology and Crime. Criminal Intelligence Service

Dr. Kings Letter from the Birmingham Jail Assignment

Dr. Kings Letter from the Birmingham Jail - Assignment Example o gauged by commentaries in Bible which became apparent after Professor Glenn Sunshine’s and Professor Robert George’s discussion referring to the beliefs of equality in Christianity. Even though these commentaries, necessarily, do not coincide with the practices of social segregation on the name of religion or ethnicity, the ideologies hidden beneath the meaning of these commandments indicate Jesus’ message towards human equality irrespective of their belief of God through Jesus Christ or any other pronouncer of truth as per the scriptures. The phrase â€Å"work of the law† in this respect directs the compassion or sentiments perceived by a human character to abide by the norms mentioned in his believed scriptures treating those as God’s law and act accordingly. This further resembles the prominence of such beliefs being imbibed within a human character and the society at large which is phrased as â€Å"written in their hearts†. As was explained by Craig Bluemel, followers of Jesus Christ have often misunderstood the commandments to inscribe a segregation of the followers of Jesus from the believers of another pronouncer of Godâ€℠¢s verses. In his words, â€Å"...Christians say that unless a person repents and believes in God ONLY thru Jesus Christ, that he or she is going to spend eternity in hell... For years, I avoided answering this question directly, because, quite frankly, I had no proof from Scripture that such a notion by Christians exists (i.e. that God sends people to hell that never hear the gospel)† (Bluemel, â€Å"Q & A Series: Please explain Romans 2:14-15†). A quite similar depiction can be obtained from the social phenomenon inscribed in Dr. King Jr.’s letter, where tribes were being segregated on the basis of their â€Å"work of the law† built with strong belief on God through Jesus Christ or rather Christianity; thus indicating social segregation grounded on racial as well as religious differences (King, Jr., â€Å"Letter from Birmingham

Public Health Program Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Health Program Evaluation - Essay Example It will bring into focus the specific and detailed activities being conducted under the counseling program and provide an indication if such activities are generating positive or beneficial outcomes to the participants in terms of their ability to handle emotional, sexual and educational problems because of enhanced knowledge, perceptions or attitudes and skills. To accomplish an Outcomes-Based Evaluation, McNamara lists the following general steps: 1. Identify the major outcomes that are to be examined or verified for the program under evaluation. 2. Prioritize the outcomes and select the top priority outcomes that will be examined by the evaluation. Considerations for this prioritization are the limits of time and resources for conducting the evaluation. 3. For each outcome, determine the measures or indicators that will be observed which suggest that an outcome is being achieved by a participant. 4. Specify a target or goal for the participants. 5. Identify the information needed to show the indicators or measure the outcomes. 6. Determine how information can be efficiently and realistically gathered. 7. Analyze and report the findings. Outcomes are benefits or changes for individuals participating in the program. "They are what participants know, think, or can do; or how they behave; or what their condition is, that is different following the program (United Way). In the area of educational problems, a measurable outcome would be grades of the participants and incidence of absenteeism. This information can be gathered from school data before the program was started and after the one year period of counseling, then compared with data for the group which underwent treatment by psychologists and social workers. "Desired outcomes include positive changes in behavioral and emotional functioning, family relationships, academic achievement, or community functioning" (Nabors et al p. 206-209). Identify the stakeholders, and discuss their respective interests According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the key stakeholders of a public health program evaluation are 1. Those involved in program operations, in this case the Director and staff of the community health center, the funding agency if existent, the local community members who conduct the counseling sessions, and the psychologists and social workers treating the control group. Obviously, the primary interest of the community health center is to find out how effective the counseling the program is in achieving the desired outcomes of emotional, sexual and educational problem solving, and how this compares with the treatment program. The local community members, the psychologists and social workers would be interested in the efficacy of the activities being conducted and whether these should be institutionalized. The funding agency would want to know if funding efforts should be continued and/or expanded. 2. Those served or affected by the program, the teens a nd adults who are participants in the program, their parents, families, friends and school personnel who deal with the participants. The participants who are central to the effort will be the primary source of information for the evaluation. Their families, friends and school personnel who are affected by the participants problems and who provide support to the participants within and outside the program would

Financial Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Analysis - Assignment Example cial ratio are the management team in evaluating the performance of the company in terms of profitability, operational efficiency, and financial health over a period of time by comparing past and present ratios, and also comparing this with the industrial average (Brigham, 2012). Shareholders are other groups that use information from ration analysis. Information in the financial statement is usually difficult for outsiders to understand. The ratio analysis helps in analyzing and interpreting information from the financial statements in a simplified manner, and in a manner that can be understood by those who do not know the accounting language. This information helps them know the position of their investment and expected returns from their investment. The ratio analysis is useful in analyzing the liquidity of the company. This information is useful to the third group that uses the ratio analysis are the creditors. They are able to know the company’s capacity to meet their lon g term liabilities which determines the credit terms. Financial analysis usually tries to determine the qualitative factors when evaluating the future financial performance. One qualitative factor is the competitive advantage which determines the company’s ability to survive in the market. This also determines the company’s ability to keep competitors at bay, enjoy profits, and growth. Corporate governance has become a crucial issue today which determines the relationship between directors, management, and other stakeholders. One aspect of corporate governance is financial transparency. This implies that the financial information is being released in a manner that stakeholders are able to follow what the management if doing, thus have a clear understanding on the financial situation. This also increases the trust that stakeholders have in the company, ensuring a long term relationship. Finally, the structure of the board of directors under corporate governance determines the future

Thomas Jefferson Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thomas Jefferson - Research Paper Example Thomas Jefferson came under the President-ship in the first decade of 1800, continued and upholds the position and political power for more than five years. He came under election as the third President of United Sates of America. He made remarkable contributions for the sake of his country and his people but the most recognized and acknowledged amongst them are Declaration of Independence, the Louisiana Purchase, and the Naturalization Law. He was a man who believed and worked for betterment of his people, rather than producing benefit for own self and earning money and fame for him. Thomas Jefferson comes under remembrance since time immemorial due to his vision for the development and progress and peace in America. His approach towards achieving his goals and objectives was commendable due to the reason that it has benefitted the people of United States at that time as well as in current days . Thomas Jefferson was a native of Virginia, lived with his parents for few years of his life. At a very early stage, he shifted away from his family for the purpose of education, as he has always been fond of gaining knowledge. He belonged to a family who did not inherit their ancestors’ wealth, instead worked hard to make their own living standard. He studied a wide range of subjects that includes literature, science, law, and many others. While he got himself involved in the law practicing, he learned a great deal. His political career started when he came under selection as a prime member of Virginia House of Burgesses3. He was a versatile human being as he was not only a lawyer or a politician but also he was an author who wrote various books. One of his famous writings encompasses his perspectives and viewpoints on the privileges and civil liberties for the population of British Americans, and included an account on the thoughtful precursor for the independence. After rendering services for some years in Virginia, he became a part of congress where he got a n opportunity to outline the statement for independence, which became one of his noteworthy works in the later stages of his career. During his initial political career, he got several chances to submit his services on high positions in various political bodies. While being the governor he implemented and altered many rules, regulations, and policies related to many social issues4. His political career also comprise of services in the reigns of previous Presidents and oppositions. Thomas Jefferson had beliefs and views that were in conflict to the previous governments, as they focused

Bestseller Lists Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bestseller Lists - Assignment Example In the two classes, there is no monopoly of authors in the top 20. More so, authors are either in one category or the other (Rodgers 11). It implies that no author writes in both categories but only specialize in one type. Additionally, there is no monopoly of authors in year 2015 in the combined e-books fiction and print. Every week different books sell at different rates and as such no book is consistently leading the charts. Fiction books involve writing of imaginative narratives. As such, there exist no monopoly of writers between the years 1950 to 1959 (U.S Accounting Office, 15). In most years, different authors appear in the top 10 with only few or none that were present in past years. In the non-fiction category, individual books and authors appear in continuous years. The guide for better homes seems to do good as it looks for large parts between 1950 and 1959. Between the years 1904 and 1909, Barr McCutcheon is an author that is constantly in the top 10 bestsellers (Cader, 16). More so, more authors appear regularly in the list but with different

Thomas Jefferson Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thomas Jefferson - Research Paper Example Thomas Jefferson came under the President-ship in the first decade of 1800, continued and upholds the position and political power for more than five years. He came under election as the third President of United Sates of America. He made remarkable contributions for the sake of his country and his people but the most recognized and acknowledged amongst them are Declaration of Independence, the Louisiana Purchase, and the Naturalization Law. He was a man who believed and worked for betterment of his people, rather than producing benefit for own self and earning money and fame for him. Thomas Jefferson comes under remembrance since time immemorial due to his vision for the development and progress and peace in America. His approach towards achieving his goals and objectives was commendable due to the reason that it has benefitted the people of United States at that time as well as in current days . Thomas Jefferson was a native of Virginia, lived with his parents for few years of his life. At a very early stage, he shifted away from his family for the purpose of education, as he has always been fond of gaining knowledge. He belonged to a family who did not inherit their ancestors’ wealth, instead worked hard to make their own living standard. He studied a wide range of subjects that includes literature, science, law, and many others. While he got himself involved in the law practicing, he learned a great deal. His political career started when he came under selection as a prime member of Virginia House of Burgesses3. He was a versatile human being as he was not only a lawyer or a politician but also he was an author who wrote various books. One of his famous writings encompasses his perspectives and viewpoints on the privileges and civil liberties for the population of British Americans, and included an account on the thoughtful precursor for the independence. After rendering services for some years in Virginia, he became a part of congress where he got a n opportunity to outline the statement for independence, which became one of his noteworthy works in the later stages of his career. During his initial political career, he got several chances to submit his services on high positions in various political bodies. While being the governor he implemented and altered many rules, regulations, and policies related to many social issues4. His political career also comprise of services in the reigns of previous Presidents and oppositions. Thomas Jefferson had beliefs and views that were in conflict to the previous governments, as they focused

Write a summary of No Place to Hide (only pg 170-209) by Glenn Essay

Write a summary of No Place to Hide (only pg 170-209) by Glenn Greenwald OR paraphrasing my friends summary (I will give the attachment) - Essay Example reenwald’s view that the government has violated the fourth amendment about â€Å"the right of people to be secure in their person, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3). Greenwald tries to enlighten the people that power is currently being misused so as to fully control them. Through the use of the Internet, the government is relentlessly putting effort aimed at convincing its citizens to devalue their privacy. As stated in the book, the government has taken our â€Å"Internet freedom-the ability to use the network without institutional constraints, social or state control†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (6). Furthermore, privacy has been lost through spying our emails, hacking password, looking through online chat, and using the video cameras. According to the author, each and every individual is entitled to his or her own privacy. Unfortunately, the mass surveillance is oblivious of this fact and is ignorant. The government is really cautious to hide their action from the citizen (Greenwald 171). He also explains how people are self-cautious of their every move and are afraid of taking initiatives or acting in a way that deviates from their normal routine. Their quality of life is minimized due to the lack of privacy. In the end, the government is limiting the individuals and preventing them from utilizing their freedoms actively. In fact, the individuals also show the signs to â€Å"avoid shame and condemnation† (173). When people are being monitored, they usually â€Å"avoid action that might be seen as deviant or abnormal† (173). As a result, the citizens forget what it is like to live fully due to restricted actions. This also leads to lack of creativeness and innovations in a country because individuals are afraid of exploration â€Å"[they] can act, think, speak, write, experience, and choose how to be, away from judgmental eyes of others† (172). Greenwald explains that the use of mass technology surveillance by the NSA is not really aimed at

Endocrine System Of Human Body Health And Social Care Essay

Endocrine System Of Human Body Health And Social Care Essay Endocrine system is defined as the network of the glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream, (Papalia E. Diane Sally Wendkos, 1985). This means that the hormone of the human body are the chemicals that are responsible to influence the rate or direction of activity in the distant target organs by speeding up or inhibiting the growth of the cells in those organs. The nervous system is not the only biological system that governing the behavior of human, (Baxter, J.D. Funder, W.J1979). But rather both the central and the peripheral nervous system work closely with the endocrine system, a series ductless gland that secrete the hormones directly into the bloodstream. Hormones are very active in the maintenance of the homeostasis, the proper balance in the body internal state. Thus, both the autonomic nervous system and proper balance in the body internal state. Thus, both the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system work together to achieve the equilibrium, (Baxter, J. D, Funder, W.J 1979). The crucial coordinator of both systems is the hypothalamus, which provides the mechanism by which the brain exerts control over the endocrine system and by which the endocrine system exerts control over the brain. For instance, the brain causes the release of the hormones that affect the body tissue, and as result of the testosterone on the shape of the larynx thereby causing the deeper voices in males. Conversely, hormones may be permanently alter the brain cells are organized and the ability of the estrogen to alter cells in the hypothalamus that governing adult sexual behavior. http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:LXj3QsJdWkdDIM:http://www.soulcare.org/images/endocrine_system.gift=1 Description of the Endocrine System and it Rated Functions The endocrine gland as members of the orchestra, the conductor would be the pituitary, which are the master gland. This gland has two subdivisions the anterior pituitary, which is made of same embryological tissue as the throat and it is the true endocrine organ of the human system (Axelrod, J.T.D. Reisine, 1984). And the anterior pituitary secretes large number of hormones. The hypothalamus controls the release of the hormones by the means of the hormone releasing factor. The endocrine system is made up of the various hormones, which performed different function as part of the human body over a given period of time. These include the following: Adrenal gland: The adrenal gland contained the aldosterone or androstenedione hormone which functions as an excretion of sodium and potassium. It also helped in the growth of pubic and underarm hair of the human and it promotes the sex derive over a given period of time. The medulla contained cortisone and the epinephrine hormones which performed the function of removing the metabolic substance in the body. And this hormone also enhanced the body to be able response the stress and how to manage the stress situation in everyday life of human. Hypothalamus The hypothalamus gland contained the releasing hormones of the human body that control the anterior pituitary hormone secretion. The kidney gland contained the rennin hormone which controls the aldosterone secretion, and it also controlled the blood pressure of the human. The pancreas gland: it contained the insulin hormones that regulate the waste substance in the human body. (That is the metabolism substance). The pituitary gland is another vital gland that contained two glands namely the anterior gland which is made up with the andermocotropic hormones, which controlled the adrenal cortex. It also contained the growth hormones that enhanced human growth and its responsible to the removal of metabolism substance in human. The testes gland contained the testosterone hormone that performed the function of maturation of the male reproductive system that is it responsible for sperm production, secondary sex characteristic and the sex drive of the human. The thyroid gland is made up with the thyroxins that are responsible for the energy metabolism, body growth and the development of the individuals. Digestive system According to Oxford Advanced Leaners Dictionary, digestive system is the breaking down of food particles into smaller substance which can easily be absorbed by the bloodstream. The endocrine system contained an hormone which is made up of the insulin (Cahill, G.FMcDevitt, H. O. 1981), that helped to break down the sugary substance in the human body and the rennin also act on the protein food substance and convert it into smaller particles which passes down to the smaller intestines and these are excreted by the endocrine secretion organ which in the stomach and the intestine secrete a number of hormones that enhanced in the body regulation of human. Excretion system Excretion system is defined as the process of removing the metabolic or waste materials from the body, (Alexander, E. 1986). The endocrine system contained Aldosterone and Androstenedione hormones that helped to excrete the metabolic or waste materials from the human body. The cortisone hormone of the endocrine system also enhanced in the excretion of the waste metabolic substance. For instance the pancreas of the endocrine system gland helped in the regulation of metabolism substance in the human body. Respiration system The respiration system is considered as the three separated but related functions that is the ventilation, the gas exchange that occurred in between the blood and the other tissues of the human body, and the oxygen utilization by the tissues energy reaction of the cell respiration, (Anderson, E. 1977). Nervous system The nervous system is divided into two parts namely, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. (Andreasen, N.C, 1988) defined the nervous system that is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous systems control crucial nerves that arise from the brain and the spinal cord. The nervous system is composed of the two principals type of cells that is the neurons and the neuroglia. The endocrine system and nervous system work together to achieve the equilibrium of the body. Neurons are the basic structural and the functional units of nervous system This system are specialized to respond to the physical and the chemical stimuli conduct electrochemical impulses and releases specific chemical regulation and it is also performed a function of strong memory thinking and controlling muscles and glands. Neuroglia are supportive cell in the nervous system that helped the function of the neuroglia are about five times more abundant than neurons and it have limited mitotic abilities than the brain, that is the brain that occur in adult are usually composed of the neuroglia than the neurons, (Van De Graft, M. Kent, 1985-1995). Muscular system Skeletal muscles are arranged base it functional groups that are adaptive in causing particular movement within each muscles the fibers are arranged in a specific pattern that provides specific functional capabilities. The skeletal muscles constitutes it own body system and accounts for approximately 40%nof the body weight over 600nindividual muscles make up the skeletal muscles. Conditions and Causes Associated with the Endocrine The condition that is associated with the endocrine is the glandular problem this is the situation where the thyroid glands are said to underactive and this normally prevents the person from burning up food. The endocrine influence of the obesity supposedly resulted from a condition over which the individual has no control and it also result in glandular fever. Another conditions associated with the endocrine system is the Addisons Syndrome. This is inadequate secretion of corticosteroid hormones by the adrenal glands, and sometimes this happens as a result of tuberculosis infection. The third condition of endocrine system is amenorrhea. The primary amenorrhea is the situation where the menstrual fail appear in female during the puberty. It is normal cause by the absence of the ovaries. The secondary amenorrhea is a situation where the menstrual period stop after establishment of puberty) may be caused by disorders of the hypothalamus, deficiency of ovarian, pituitary, or thyroid hormones, mental disturbance, depression, anorexia nervosa, or a major change of surrounding or circumstances. Another condition associated with the endocrine system is the polycystic ovarian syndrome. This is the hormone disorder characterized by incomplete development of Graafian follicles in the ovary due to inadequate secretion of luteinizing hormone; the follicles fail to ovulate and remain as multiple cysts distending the ovary. Sometime, the imbalance of the hormone result in obesity, hirsute and acne and the woman is infertile due to lack of ovulation. Cushing syndrome is condition where there is excess amount of cortico-steriod hormone in the body. Effect The Addisons syndrome include weakness, loss of energy, low blood pressure and also pigmentation of the human skin. The primary and the secondary amenorrhea results in nervousness; irritability, emotional disturbances, headache and depression. And it affect some women for about 10 das prior to menstruation. The Cushings syndrome results in weight gain, reddening of the face and neck, excess growth of the body and facial hair, raised blood pressure, loss of mineral from the bones and raised blood glucose levels and sometimes mental disturbances . Preventions Prevention of the glandular fever includes the following. Wash hands regularly, particularly after sneezing or coughing. Avoid kissing Avoid sharing personal items Avoid eating and drinking share food The prevention of Addisons is by formerly fatal, and such disease is now treatable by replacement of hormone therapy. The prevention of primary amenorrhea and the secondary amenorrhea is also done by the replacement of therapy with associated increase in risk of breast cancer. The treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome can be controlled by the administration of the appropriate hormone in the body system. Evaluation Endocrine system is the vital system in humanity that enhance the body part, endocrine system is in charge of the body processes that take place in the gradually way such as the cell growth. It usually processes like breathing and the body movement of human are controlled by the nervous system. However, the nervous system and the endocrine system are separate and it usually work together to help the body system function effectively and efficiently, (Andreasen, N.C. 1988). The endocrine system is made up of gland and hormones. The hormone of the body are the body messengers which helps to transfer and instruction information from one set of cells to another. Different hormones move through the bloodstream and each hormones are designed to affect a certain cells of the body. The gland of the endocrine system is a group of cells that produces and secretes or give off, a chemicals. The gland of the body removes or selects the waste materials in the human body such waste materials include the sweat and salivary glands release secretion in the skin and in the mouth. The endocrine system is a vital glands simply because it enhanced in the reproduction system of humans. Conclusion In the nutshell, endocrine system is most important system in the human system that helped the body system to function effectively and efficiently. The endocrine system is a complex group of glands that helps to control the reproduction system of human, the metabolism, growth and the development through a substance called the hormones of the human being. This system controls the way human being respond to their surrounding and it provides the proper amount of energy that the human body needs to be able to function well, (Papalia, E. Diane Sally, W. 1985). In some cases, the glands of the endocrine systems are impaired and this can result in the imbalance of hormone. The imbalance of hormone or condition of endocrine system can affect the health of the individuals in various ways and some of this endocrine conditions are vary serious. These imbalance hormone or endocrine system conditions are the growth disorder, the menopause, hormone abuse, the glandular problem, the Addisons, Cushings polycystic ovarian, pituitary disorder, diabetes and among others.

Comparing Nothings Changed and Charlotte ONeils Song :: Farrel Afrika Poetry Poems Culture Essays

Comparing Nothing's Changed and Charlotte O'Neil's Song Both poets are protesting about the injustices and inequalities of their own respective cultures. In "Nothing's Changed" Afrika protests about the differences in the way that black and white people are treated in South Africa. The poem illustrates how, although the South African apartheid system was abolished in the early 1990s nothing had really changed beyond paperwork. Afrika was once quoted in an interview as saying "We may have a new constitution, we may have on the face of it all a beautiful democracy, but the racism in this country is widespread. We try to pretend to the world that it does not exist but it most certainly does, all day long, every day, shocking and saddening and terrible." He reinforces these feelings in his poem. He begins the poem in a calm mood. He describes his walk down the path towards district six in a calm, almost leisurely way. When he reaches district six the sense of calm leaves and the anger in the poem starts to become apparent. He talks about how there is no sign to show the name of the area but he can feel it. "No board says it is: But my feet know, And my hands, And the skin about my bones, And the soft labouring of my lungs, And the hot, white, inwards turning Anger of my eyes." It would seem that he does not have good memories of this place. His immediate change of mood as he nears district six seems to show his feelings towards the area. We start to get the feeling that whatever has happened here has affected him deeply and personally. Afrika is outraged by the hidden racism in his country. Even though by law black, white and coloured people are considered equal in practise quite the reverse is true. In the poem he describes a white's only inn. He uses quite harsh language in his description. "Brash with glass, Name flaring like a flag, It squats, In the grass and the weeds Incipient Port Jackson trees: New, up-market, haute cuisine, Guard at the gate post, Whites only inn" There is a lot of personification in this description. The word brash suggests the arrogance of the place. The name flaring like a flag is suggestive of the inn displaying its conquest of the area. Simply by being there Afrika feels that the inn has committed a great atrocity as it is a place where a coloured man would obviously not be welcome even in the absence of apartheid. The word squats I think is not as though it were sitting but as though it were occupying the land illegally. Incipient literally means imported.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - The Powerful Wife of Bath

The Powerful Wife of Bath   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Geoffrey Chacer's The Canterbury Tales we are introduced to 29 people who are going on a pilgrimage to St. Thomas a Becket in Canterbury. Each person is represented to fit a unique type of behavior as shown by people during the medieval ages.   My attention was drawn to the Wife of Bath through which Chaucer notes the gender inequalities.   Predominantly, women could either choose to marry and become a childbearing wife or go into a religious order.   Women were seen as property.   Women during this period of time, had limited choices when it came to societal roles.   The Wife of Bath exonerates the accepted roles of society, reflecting women's attempt to gain control during the medieval period.      Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The General Prologue presents an interesting description of The Wife of Bath.   Her character is noted to be strong and bold and we learn she is slightly deaf.   The Wife of Bath was married and widowed five times and has had numerous companions.   The Wife of Bath is a skilled cloth maker and a devoted Christian pilgrim who has made trips to several shrines.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through her unique introduction in The General Prologue we learn much of her physical attributes.   The Wife of Bath is gapped tooth.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Gat-toothed was she, soothly for to saye.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Upon an amblere esily she sat" (p.91, ll. 470-471)    This physical feature is attributed to lust and passion.   The fact that she could ride a horse easily also could take on sexual connotations (Maclaine 32).   The horse she "rides" so well could actually be her husband.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Early in the Wife of Bath ... ... of Bath is unique in her style of thinking, which is what makes this character so interesting to study.    Works Cited and Consulted Bowden, Muriel.   A Reader's Guide to Geoffrey Chaucer.   New York:   Noonday Press, 1964. Hallissy, Margaret.   A Companion to Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.   London:   Greenwood Press, 1995. Herman, John P. and John J. Burke, Jr., ed.   Signs and Symbols in Chaucer's Poetry.   University, Alabama:   University of Alabama Press, 1981. Lambdin, Laura C. and Robert T. Lambdin, ed.   Chaucer's Pilgrims:   An Historical Guide to the Pilgrims in the Canterbury Tales.   London:   Greenwood Press, 1996.   Nardo, Don, ed.   Readings on the Canterbury Tales.   San Diego:   Greenhaven Press, 1997. Plummer, John F.   "The Wife of Bath's Hat as a Sexual Metaphor."   English Language Notes, 18 (1980-1981).      

Assimilation of Native Americans Into Society Essay

â€Å"How different would be the sensation of a philosophic mind to reflect that instead of exterminating a part of the human race by our modes of population that we had persevered through all difficulties and at last had imparted our Knowledge of cultivating and the arts, to the Aboriginals of the Country by which the source of future life and happiness had been preserved and extended. But it has been conceived to be impracticable to civilize the Indians of North America – This opinion is probably more convenient than just. † (Henry Knox to George Washington 1970’s) Since the founding of The United States of America, the complication of dealing with the indigenous Native Americans has been prevalent. The opening quotation emphasizes the idea that our fathers grappled over what to do with the Indians since the founding of our country. Post colonial era Native Americans were discriminated against in a battle defined by â€Å"the white man versus the red man†. As American settlers and institutions expanded westward, the Indians were pushed aside not only by containing them in reservations but were often disregarded as Americans from the â€Å"civilized† and educated white American. These prejudices even came from far up the totem pole in Washington. The politics in the 19th century American Government regarding the indigenous people were defined by an era of the â€Å"Americanization of the Native American people†. This analytical research paper will address the issue of Native American assimilation and display how the efforts made by the American Government failed to shed a positive light on the indigenous people. It will also explore the founding of specific schools for Indian children, namely the Carlisle Indian Industrial School for Native Americans. The school was intended to integrate Indian children into western society by educating them and transforming their cultural beliefs. Although founder Richard Henry Pratt had good intentions for the school, it ended up doing more destruction to the Indians than success assimilating them into American society. Before the assimilation of Indians can be fully understood, the history of the segregation of the red man must be established. â€Å"Before the Civil War it had been possible to imagine that Indians and whites could remain permanently separate from on another† The national census of this time was that the minority ethnic groups did not belong in the same category as the â€Å"Americans†, and that they should remain a separate existence. The general idea was that separation was the easier and â€Å"safe† way to deal with the ethnic differences rather than entering into a group conflict. Native Americans were easier to separate into cultural groupings, because they were the ones who chose to do so. Blacks, Irish, and Native Americans alike, Hoxie asserts, â€Å"In this compartmentalized society, minority groups welcomed the opportunity to be socially isolated and culturally autonomous. † As the whites expanded westward eventually towards California and Oregon, the separation between the two ethnic groups would no longer be possible. The natives, who once claimed the North American continent as their own, were different from the generality of Americans. They were known as the â€Å"others†. Eventually, with the help of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, the Indians were pushed back to the west and there was a line known as the â€Å"Indian frontier†. This land came with a promise that the white man would not desire this land for generations. But as the nation expanded, the indigenous people were forced onto smaller and smaller reservations, which restricted them economically. They were mostly restricted from food and other resources. Brenda J. Child emphasizes this in her book Boarding School Seasons as she makes claims that the Ojibwe once made a lucrative profit farming rice, but â€Å"were left with a fair amount of swampland after their allotments had been made†¦Few Nett Lakers were able to maintain adequate gardens, but traditional subsistence activities, tourism, and off reservation labor maintained the band. † As the struggle to maintain their niche increased, Indians would either have to conform to society, or they would be crushed by it. The early relationship between Indians and whites was defined more like a war than the whites trying to work the Indians into society. Indian territories were often viewed as their own sovereign states rather than occupied American territory. Treaties were often agreed upon in order to separate the red man from the white. â€Å"Humanitarians believed that separation would reduce the level of violence on the frontier and provide Indians with enough time to become civilized† However, the civilization of Indians into American society would not happen on its own once the ethnic groups were separated. Political action groups such as the Friends of the Indian were formed. These groups as well as government officials started to change their beliefs into those that the American Indians should be assimilated. Paul Prucha mentions in the introduction of his book that â€Å"government officials and well meaning humanitarians and missionaries had had a hand in the operation and had sought the welfare of the Indians in their attempts to civilize and Christianize them, bringing them into conformity with the patterns of life that marked the white existence. † The goal of these advocates was not only to destroy the Indian and save the American; but more importantly they sought the ideal that assimilated Native Americans would be proof that America was an â€Å"open† society and that by gratifying the wishes of society they could acquire social equality. Henry L. Dawes was one of the outstanding figures leading the Indian policy reform in the 19th century. Dawes served in the United Government; throughout his career he was a congressman, senator, and eventually chairman of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs. He was an advocate for the allotment of land to the Indians, and the assimilation of the indigenous people into the non-Indian mainstream. He proposed the Dawes Act of 1887, which encouraged Indians to farm by â€Å"allotting† the head of house 160 acres of land. The land was private property, and small portions of it could be shared with members of the family. Dawes held strong opinions for the assimilation of Indians into white man’s society, as he proclaimed in a speech to an Indian reform group in 1884, â€Å"it were worth while to consider whether we could not make something out of him, and for the first time in the whole history of our dealings with the Indians, within a few years, we have attempted to make something out of him. † In this speech he argues that the methods of â€Å"waging war† against the Indian has been failing, and was taking the lives of both the Indian and the white man. Instead he proposes that they be assimilated, and that the Native Americans can be useful in society. He later touches on educating the Native American children, stating, â€Å"Take him as you do other children, and bring him up as you do other children. † Education then becomes a major factor in the assimilating the Native American people. The Idea that targeting the younger generation of the Indian population and shaping them into the mold of an educated white man became prevalent in assimilation techniques. â€Å"Education of the Indians was the ultimate reform† An increase of immigrants from Europe reflected a growing public support for education. Thus, if the children of the Indian were educated, they would catch on in American society and pave the way for future generations. Richard Henry Pratt was an outstanding figure in the Americanization of Native Americans. As a veteran of the Civil War, Pratt fought both alongside and against Indian warriors. He was a proponent of educating the tribal people in order to â€Å"kill the Indian, save the man†. He was well aware of the capabilities of the Indian following his tour of duty with them on the battlefield. When the war was over, Pratt insisted that he took a group of Indian prisoners to Fort Marion in Florida and educate them as well as assimilating them into American culture. He had remarkable success as he educated them in English, Christianity, art, and culture. What brought the success was that he found work for the Indians around the predominately white St. Augustine area. â€Å"He interested white benefactors in his cause and persuaded his army superiors to assign him to the work of Indian education, where he could promote and expand the approach to Indian assimilation that he had begun so dramatically at fort Marion. † Pratt’s motif was straightforward: he wanted complete integration of the Indians into white society, and all of his actions were submitted towards that goal. His next project, The Carlisle Indian Industrial School, was by far his most famous and also controversial way of implementing Indians into society. His idea was to transform the abandoned Carlisle Military Barracks in Carlisle, Pennsylvania into a boarding school for Native Americans. It wasn’t hard to persuade the government to jump on board with his idea, â€Å"Said that the government was about to adopt a new policy with the Indians; that it believed the Indian youth capable of acquiring the same education and industries as our white youth† However, it was relatively difficult to persuade chiefs of various tribes to send their children away with Pratt. In his autobiography, Pratt tells a story about going out west to propose his idea to a chief named spotted tail and after his proposal he receives the response, â€Å"We are not going to give any children to learn such ways† Pratt refutes and claims that if it weren’t for the Indians ignorance and lack of education, the American Government would not be able to take advantage of the tribes if they were educated. The chiefs reconvened and after discussing decided to send their children. In a way, Pratt used slander to get the Indians to give up their children by telling them the kids would come back and contribute. However, Pratt did not want this, as his intentions were to fully integrate the red man into society. The Carlisle Boarding School was founded in 1879. It started with about a hundred Indians and over time expanded to about a thousand. It admitted both boys and girls. Upon arrival, students were required to disrobe from their native clothes and cut their hair. The cloths were shoddy, and Pratt mentions, â€Å"It was the shoddiest of shoddy clothing. † This was the first step towards the transformation to white culture. Although students were provided with an education, daily life was rough for students at Carlisle. Students had to wake early and drill. School schedules were grueling, and the students were often underfed. Sometimes the school seemed like more a labor camp as they were instructed to perform tasks such as â€Å"The authority came, and, directed by the carpenter, the Indian boys dug the holes, set up the post, nailed on the rails and slats, and we soon had a substantial barrier which remained a satisfactory protection during my superintendency. † The school may have taught Indians mechanical and agricultural skills as well as providing an education, but it definitely was not as successful as Pratt Envisioned. There were many successes in the founding of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, but there were more mishaps. Advocates for boarding schools such as Pratt argued that the separation of Indian children from their families in combination of industrial training would reduce the tribalism in the individual. Brenda J. Child proposes, â€Å"One of the worst ideas about how to best solve the â€Å"Indian problem† mandated the separation of American Indian families. † Homesickness was extremely common in Indian boarding school students, and often led to the students back lashing against authority, or running away from the school. Sickness and death was also a very serious problem at boarding schools. â€Å"Crowded conditions are the perfect medium for the spread of disease. Small pox, chicken pox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and the common cold killed many of these children and crowding helped spread the diseases to the rest. † Students with serious sicknesses were often sent home because if they died at the school, their reputation would be devastated. The problems seemed to outweigh the advantages at boarding schools, and these factors contributed to the eventual dismissal of Richard Henry Pratt from the Superintendent position. Because Native Americans have always been distinctly different from the rest of society, efforts to assimilate Indians completely into society have been abandoned. There have still been assimilation efforts in the twentieth century, but the ideals behind them have changed. The effort to â€Å"kill the Indian, save the man† has been deemed impossible. Indian schools are successful in theory, but there is a reason that they failed and that Pratt’s unrealistic dream did not come true. Some argue that the efforts by reformers such as Dawes and Pratt were successful, but the truth is that many failures come with successes. As George Washington states, â€Å"When one side only of a story is heard and often repeated, the human mind becomes impressed with it insensibly. † Bibliography Primary Sources Pratt, Richard H. Battlefield and classroom: four decades with the American Indian, 1867-1904. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004. Coleman, Michael C. American Indian Children at School, 1850-1930. n. d. Child, Brenda J. Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900-1940. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Text, 1998. Hoxie, Frederick E. A Final Promise: The Campaign To Assimilate The Indians, 1880-1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Prucha, Francis P. The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians. Vol. 2. N. p. : University of Nebraska Text, 1984 Duran, Eduardo, and Bonnie Duran. Native American Postcolonial Psychology. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. Prucha, Francis P. Americanizing the American Indians: Writings by the â€Å"Friends of the Indian† 1880-1900. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1973 Lee, John. â€Å"Reports of Indian Schools. Annual Report. Washington, D. C: Office other Commissioner of Indian Affairs. † From Library of Congress, American Indians of the Pacific Northwest. (1886) Leupp, Francis E. â€Å"Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Annual Report. Washington, D. C: Office of the Commissioner of Indian Affair. † Library of Congress, American Indians of the Pacific Northwest (1908) Dawes, Henry L. â€Å"Solving the Indian Problem. † Fifteenth Annual Report of the Board of Indian Commissioners (1883): 69-70. Morgan, Thomas J. â€Å"Supplemental report on Indian Education. † House Executive Document 1, no. 2 (n. d. ): 93-104. Schultz, Jeffrey D. Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics : Volume 2, Hispanic Americans and Native Americans. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2000. Secondary Holm, Tom. Great Confusion in Indian Affairs : Native Americans and Whites in the Progressive Era. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2005. Simonsen, Jane E. Making Home Work : Domesticity and Native American Assimilation in the American West, 1860-1919. Chappel Hill: UNC Press, 2006. authorsden. com . â€Å"WHAT WERE BOARDING SCHOOLS LIKE FOR INDIAN YOUTH?. † Hetzel, Theodore B. â€Å"WE CAN LEARN FROM AMERICAN INDIANS. † Journal of American Indian Education 4, no. 3 (1965) â€Å"The Indian School at Chemawa. † The West Shore 13, no. 1 (1887): 5-12. Davis, Julie. â€Å"American Indian Boarding School Experiences: Recent Studies from Native Perspectives. † OAH Magazine of History Vol. 15, No. 2, 2001, 20-22. Fear-Segal, Jackie. â€Å"Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900-1940 by Brenda J. Child. † Journal of American Studies 34, no. 1 (2000): 160-161. Hoerig, Karl A. â€Å"Remembering Our Indian School Days: The Boarding School Experience. † Away from Home: American Indian Boarding School Experiences by Margaret L. Archuleta; Brenda J. Child; K. Tsianina Lomawaima (2002): 642-646.